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summary:after{content:\"\u2013\"}.tpg-faq details p{margin-top:10px!important}<\/style><section class=\"tp-hero bg-b\"><div class=\"tp-w\"><div class=\"tp-eb\">Guide<\/div><h1 class=\"tp-h1\">Paper grain,<br><em>explained.<\/em><\/h1><\/div><\/section><section class=\"tp-sec bg-w\"><div class=\"tp-w\"><div class=\"tp-prose\" style=\"margin:0 auto\"><p class=\"tpg-ans\">As paper is made, its fibres line up parallel to the direction of travel of the paper machine. This is the <b>grain direction<\/b>. It determines how the paper folds, how the pages of a publication turn and how much the sheet changes size with humidity.<\/p><h2 class=\"tp-h3\">How it is formed<\/h2><p>On the paper machine the pulp is spread onto a moving wire. As the water drains, most fibres align with the direction of travel, the <b>machine direction (MD)<\/b>. The direction at right angles to it is the <b>cross direction (CD)<\/b>. Paper does not behave the same way in both: it is stiffer along the grain and expands more across it.<\/p><svg class=\"tpg-fig\" style=\"max-width:640px\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 275\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\"><rect x=\"20\" y=\"20\" width=\"600\" height=\"200\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M17.102619723771387 14.117647058823529 C 192.0 10.117647058823529, 384.0 18.11764705882353, 630.5513098618857 14.117647058823529\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M17.368747032843025 28.235294117647058 C 192.0 24.235294117647058, 384.0 32.23529411764706, 630.6843735164215 28.235294117647058\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M32.546134497199088 42.35294117647059 C 192.0 38.35294117647059, 384.0 46.35294117647059, 628.2730672485995 42.35294117647059\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M7.205871128042318 56.470588235294116 C 192.0 52.470588235294116, 384.0 60.470588235294116, 625.6029355640212 56.470588235294116\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M6.409698672871767 70.58823529411765 C 192.0 66.58823529411765, 384.0 74.58823529411765, 625.2048493364359 70.58823529411765\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M10.91226518478183 84.70588235294117 C 192.0 80.70588235294117, 384.0 88.70588235294117, 627.4561325923909 84.70588235294117\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M16.445835664810318 98.82352941176471 C 192.0 94.82352941176471, 384.0 102.82352941176471, 630.2229178324052 98.82352941176471\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M17.765443193673722 112.94117647058823 C 192.0 108.94117647058823, 384.0 116.94117647058823, 630.8827215968369 112.94117647058823\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M13.620304419048994 127.05882352941177 C 192.0 123.05882352941177, 384.0 131.05882352941177, 628.8101522095245 127.05882352941177\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M7.939368258676154 141.1764705882353 C 192.0 137.1764705882353, 384.0 145.1764705882353, 625.969684129338 141.1764705882353\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M6.10728145000186 155.2941176470588 C 192.0 151.2941176470588, 384.0 159.2941176470588, 625.053640725001 155.2941176470588\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M9.860578250506602 169.41176470588235 C 192.0 165.41176470588235, 384.0 173.41176470588235, 626.9302891252534 169.41176470588235\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M15.641715184788875 183.52941176470588 C 192.0 179.52941176470588, 384.0 187.52941176470588, 629.8208575923944 183.52941176470588\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M17.971070716339014 197.64705882352942 C 192.0 193.64705882352942, 384.0 201.64705882352942, 630.9855353581695 197.64705882352942\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M14.640776932328379 211.76470588235293 C 192.0 207.76470588235293, 384.0 215.76470588235293, 629.3203884661642 211.76470588235293\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M8.807436028694207 225.88235294117646 C 192.0 221.88235294117646, 384.0 229.88235294117646, 626.4037180143471 225.88235294117646\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M560 250 h60\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"5\" marker-end=\"url(#tpga)\"\/><defs><marker id=\"tpga\" viewBox=\"0 0 10 10\" refX=\"8\" refY=\"5\" markerWidth=\"5\" markerHeight=\"5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0L10 5L0 10z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><\/marker><\/defs><text x=\"20\" y=\"262\" font-size=\"18\" opacity=\".8\">MD<\/text><\/svg><p class=\"tpg-cap\">Fibres follow the direction of travel of the paper machine (MD).<\/p><h2 class=\"tp-h3\">Long grain and short grain<\/h2><div class=\"tpg-grid two\"><div class=\"tpg-card\"><svg class=\"tpg-ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 260 130\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect class=\"dr\" pathLength=\"1\" x=\"40\" y=\"14\" width=\"180\" height=\"102\" rx=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M17.102619723771387 14.444444444444445 C 78.0 10.444444444444445, 156.0 18.444444444444443, 250.5513098618857 14.444444444444445\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M17.368747032843025 28.88888888888889 C 78.0 24.88888888888889, 156.0 32.888888888888886, 250.68437351642152 28.88888888888889\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M46.546134497199088 43.333333333333336 C 78.0 39.333333333333336, 156.0 47.333333333333336, 248.27306724859955 43.333333333333336\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M7.205871128042318 57.77777777777778 C 78.0 53.77777777777778, 156.0 61.77777777777778, 245.60293556402115 57.77777777777778\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M6.409698672871767 72.22222222222223 C 78.0 68.22222222222223, 156.0 76.22222222222223, 245.20484933643587 72.22222222222223\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M10.91226518478183 86.66666666666667 C 78.0 82.66666666666667, 156.0 90.66666666666667, 247.45613259239093 86.66666666666667\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M16.445835664810318 101.11111111111111 C 78.0 97.11111111111111, 156.0 105.11111111111111, 250.22291783240516 101.11111111111111\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M17.765443193673722 115.55555555555556 C 78.0 111.55555555555556, 156.0 119.55555555555556, 250.88272159683686 115.55555555555556\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><\/svg><h3>Long grain<\/h3><div class=\"pg\">grain parallel to the long edge<\/div><p>In a 70 \u00d7 100 cm sheet the fibres run parallel to the 100 cm edge. In sheet sizes the grain direction is usually given by the second dimension, or underlined.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"tpg-card\"><svg class=\"tpg-ic\" viewBox=\"0 0 260 130\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect class=\"dr\" pathLength=\"1\" x=\"40\" y=\"14\" width=\"180\" height=\"102\" rx=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M14.444444444444445 17.102619723771387 C 10.444444444444445 39.0, 18.444444444444443 78.0, 14.444444444444445 120.5513098618857\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M28.88888888888889 17.368747032843025 C 24.88888888888889 39.0, 32.888888888888886 78.0, 28.88888888888889 120.68437351642152\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M43.333333333333336 12.546134497199088 C 39.333333333333336 39.0, 47.333333333333336 78.0, 43.333333333333336 118.27306724859955\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M57.77777777777778 7.205871128042318 C 53.77777777777778 39.0, 61.77777777777778 78.0, 57.77777777777778 115.60293556402115\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M72.22222222222223 6.409698672871767 C 68.22222222222223 39.0, 76.22222222222223 78.0, 72.22222222222223 115.20484933643588\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M86.66666666666667 10.91226518478183 C 82.66666666666667 39.0, 90.66666666666667 78.0, 86.66666666666667 117.45613259239092\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M101.11111111111111 16.445835664810318 C 97.11111111111111 39.0, 105.11111111111111 78.0, 101.11111111111111 120.22291783240516\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M115.55555555555556 17.765443193673722 C 111.55555555555556 39.0, 119.55555555555556 78.0, 115.55555555555556 120.88272159683686\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M130.0 13.620304419048994 C 126.0 39.0, 134.0 78.0, 130.0 118.8101522095245\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M144.44444444444446 7.939368258676154 C 140.44444444444446 39.0, 148.44444444444446 78.0, 144.44444444444446 115.96968412933808\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M158.88888888888889 6.10728145000186 C 154.88888888888889 39.0, 162.88888888888889 78.0, 158.88888888888889 115.05364072500093\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M173.33333333333334 9.860578250506602 C 169.33333333333334 39.0, 177.33333333333334 78.0, 173.33333333333334 116.9302891252533\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M187.77777777777777 15.641715184788875 C 183.77777777777777 39.0, 191.77777777777777 78.0, 187.77777777777777 119.82085759239443\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M202.22222222222223 17.971070716339014 C 198.22222222222223 39.0, 206.22222222222223 78.0, 202.22222222222223 120.9855353581695\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M216.66666666666666 14.640776932328379 C 212.66666666666666 39.0, 220.66666666666666 78.0, 216.66666666666666 119.32038846616419\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M231.11111111111111 8.807436028694207 C 227.11111111111111 39.0, 235.11111111111111 78.0, 231.11111111111111 116.4037180143471\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><path d=\"M245.55555555555554 6.000150811461779 C 241.55555555555554 39.0, 249.55555555555554 78.0, 245.55555555555554 115.00007540573088\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-opacity=\"0.55\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" class=\"t\" fill=\"none\"\/><\/svg><h3>Short grain<\/h3><div class=\"pg\">grain parallel to the short edge<\/div><p>The same sheet written as 100 \u00d7 70 cm has its grain parallel to the 70 cm edge. Same paper, different behaviour in folding and binding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><h2 class=\"tp-h3\">Where it matters<\/h2><div class=\"tp-tblw\"><table class=\"tp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th>Stage<\/th><th>With the grain<\/th><th>Across the grain<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Folding<\/td><td>A clean, straight fold.<\/td><td>Fibres break and the coating and ink crack, most visibly on heavier stock and dark solid colour.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Binding<\/td><td>With the grain parallel to the spine, pages turn easily and lie flat.<\/td><td>Pages resist opening, the spine ripples and the book will not stay open.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dimensions<\/td><td>Small change with humidity.<\/td><td>The sheet expands two to three times more, which affects colour register.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stiffness<\/td><td>The sheet stands up and does not droop.<\/td><td>The sheet flops. Important for cards, covers and hanging pieces.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>This is why, in offset printing, the sheet is normally fed with the grain parallel to the cylinder axis, so that paper expansion does not disturb the register of the four colours.<\/p><h2 class=\"tp-h3\">How it is identified<\/h2><p>The grain direction is stated on the label of every pallet and ream of paper and is confirmed at the printer before cutting and folding. The simplest check is flexing: the sheet bends with less resistance when the curve runs parallel to the grain.<\/p><h2 class=\"tp-h3\">The rule by product<\/h2><div class=\"tpg-rows\"><div><b>01<\/b><p><b>Books, catalogues, magazines.<\/b> Grain parallel to the spine, without exception.<\/p><\/div><div><b>02<\/b><p><b>Folded leaflets.<\/b> Grain parallel to the fold line. In cross folds, the last fold takes priority.<\/p><\/div><div><b>03<\/b><p><b>Cards, covers, folders.<\/b> Grain parallel to the spine or the crease. See also the <a href=\"\/en\/eidi-diplomatos\/\">fold types<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div><b>04<\/b><p><b>Two-sided work with tight register.<\/b> The same grain direction across the run and on every reprint.<\/p><\/div><\/div><p>We set the grain direction when each job is planned, according to the fold, the binding and the paper. Your file needs no adjustment.<\/p><h2 class=\"tp-h3\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2><div class=\"tpg-faq\"><details><summary>What do long grain and short grain mean?<\/summary><p>Long grain: the fibres run parallel to the long edge of the sheet. Short grain: parallel to the short edge. The same paper is usually available both ways, and the choice depends on the product.<\/p><\/details><details><summary>Why does paper crack at the fold?<\/summary><p>Because the fold runs across the grain, or because the stock is heavy and has not been creased. Heavier papers and board are always creased before folding.<\/p><\/details><details><summary>Do I need to state the grain direction when ordering?<\/summary><p>No. We choose it according to the fold and binding of the piece. If the job has to match an existing publication or has a special requirement, mention it in your quote request.<\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"tp-sec sm bg-p tp-cta\"><div class=\"tp-w\"><div><h2 class=\"tp-h2 sm\">Send us the specifications of your job.<\/h2><p class=\"tp-lead\">Size, quantity, material and number of colours. We reply with a technical proposal and a quote.<\/p><\/div><a class=\"tp-btn bl lg\" href=\"\/en\/aitima-prosforas\/\">Request a quote<\/a><\/div><\/section><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@graph\": [{\"@type\": \"Article\", \"headline\": \"Paper grain direction: what it is and why it matters\", \"inLanguage\": \"en-GB\", \"author\": {\"@type\": \"Organization\", \"name\": \"Terzidis Print\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/terzidis.gr\/\"}, \"publisher\": {\"@type\": \"Organization\", \"name\": \"Terzidis Print\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/terzidis.gr\/\"}, \"datePublished\": \"2026-10-25\", \"dateModified\": \"2026-10-25\"}, {\"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What do long grain and short grain mean?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Long grain: the fibres run parallel to the long edge of the sheet. Short grain: parallel to the short edge. 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If the job has to match an existing publication or has a special requirement, mention it in your quote request.\"}}]}]}<\/script><\/main><footer class=\"tp-ft\"><div class=\"tp-w\"><div class=\"cols\"><div><a class=\"tp-brand\" href=\"\/en\/\" aria-label=\"Terzidis Print\"><span class=\"tp-logo\"><\/span><span class=\"tp-reg\">\u00ae<\/span><\/a><div class=\"sl\">Right the first time.<br>Every time.<\/div><\/div><div><h4 aria-level=\"2\">What we print<\/h4><a href=\"\/en\/syskevasia-ypsilon-prodiagrafon\/\">High-specification print<\/a><a href=\"\/en\/syskevasia-trofimon\/\">Food packaging<\/a><a href=\"\/en\/emporika-entypa\/\">Commercial print<\/a><a href=\"\/en\/ektyposi-offset\/\">Offset printing<\/a><a href=\"\/en\/finirisma-kai-metapoiisi\/\">Finishing and converting<\/a><a href=\"\/en\/syskevasia-trofimon\/#true-up\">True-Up\u2122 method<\/a><\/div><div><h4 aria-level=\"2\">Company<\/h4><a href=\"\/en\/i-etaireia\/\">About us<\/a><a href=\"\/en\/poiotita\/\">Quality<\/a><a 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